It was not immediately clear what kind of explosive device was used or who was responsible for the attack.
A two-year offensive by the Rwanda-backed rebel group M23 has moved closer to Goma in recent months, prompting thousands to seek refuge in the city from surrounding areas.
President Felix Tshisekedi, who has been abroad for several weeks, decided to return to Congo over the weekend following the attack, the presidency said.
The head of the Lac Vert district where the incident occurred, Dedesi Mitima, told Reuters he had seen the bodies of seven children and two men at the camp.
Several other people were wounded and the death toll could rise further, Mitima added.
A civil society leader in Goma, Marrion Ngavho, said three bombs fell on the camp.
--Reuters--